Shoulder Dislocation
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone (humerus) is forced out of its socket (glenoid) in the shoulder blade. The shoulder joint is one of the most mobile joints in the body, which makes it particularly vulnerable to dislocation. Dislocations can be partial (subluxation) or complete, where the bone is entirely out of place. Once a shoulder has been dislocated, it tends to become vulnerable to repeat occurrences. This is described as chronic or recurrent dislocation.
What Causes a Shoulder Dislocation?
Shoulder dislocations often occur due to trauma, such as falls, direct blows, injuries caused by repeat movements or sports injuries. Contact sports like football and rugby pose a higher risk due to the physical nature of these activities. Once a shoulder has been dislocated, the risk of future dislocations increases, as the ligaments and tissues that stabilise the joint may become stretched or weakened. Individuals with hypermobility or loose ligaments may also be more prone to dislocations.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of a Dislocated Shoulder?
A dislocated shoulder causes immediate and intense pain, often accompanied by:
- A visible deformity where the shoulder appears out of place.
- Swelling and bruising around the joint.
- Restricted movement and difficulty using the affected arm.
- Numbness or tingling, which may indicate nerve involvement.
- Persistent sense of instability in the joint.
How is the Condition Diagnosed?
Dr Soong Chua will perform a physical examination to assess the injury and may order imaging tests to confirm the dislocation. X-rays are typically used to check the position of the bones and identify any associated fractures. In cases where soft tissue damage is suspected, an MRI may be recommended.
Non-surgical Treatment Options
For most first-time dislocations, non-surgical treatments are effective in restoring function and preventing recurrence:
- Rest
- Activity modification
- Anti-inflammatory medication – for pain management including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Physiotherapy – Strengthening exercises to restore joint stability, reduce pain and reduce future dislocation risk.
Surgery
In cases of recurrent dislocations or significant damage to the joint, surgery may be necessary to stabilise the shoulder:
- Shoulder Stabilisation – Shoulder stabilisation surgery helps prevent recurrent dislocations by repairing and tightening damaged stabilising structures like the labrum, ligaments, and capsule. This may include bone graft procedures e.g. Latarjet procedure when necessary.
If a shoulder dislocation is suspected, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Repeated dislocations or ongoing instability should also be evaluated by a specialist like Mr Soong Chua, who can determine whether surgical intervention is needed.
FAQs
- Can a dislocated shoulder heal without surgery?
For first-time dislocations, non-surgical treatment combined with physiotherapy is often effective. However, recurrent dislocations may require surgery. - How long does it take to recover from a shoulder dislocation?
Recovery time varies, but most people regain function within a few weeks with proper rehabilitation. Full recovery may take several months. - Will a dislocated shoulder always be prone to future dislocations?
There is an increased risk of recurrence, especially in younger individuals and athletes. Strengthening exercises and, in some cases, surgery can help stabilise the shoulder.
