Labral (SLAP) Tear
A SLAP tear (Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior tear), also called a labral tear, is an injury affecting the labrum, the strong fibrous cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket. The labrum plays a crucial role in shoulder stability, and a SLAP tear can cause pain, weakness, and restricted movement. In some cases, the biceps tendon, which attaches to the labrum, may also be involved.
What causes a Labral Tear (SLAP Tear)?
SLAP tears occur due to acute injury or repetitive strain, commonly affecting athletes and individuals who engage in overhead activities. Common causes include:
- Traumatic Injury – Falling onto an outstretched arm, a sudden jerking motion, or a direct impact to the shoulder can cause a SLAP tear.
- Repetitive Shoulder Motion – Athletes in throwing sports (e.g., baseball, cricket, tennis) and professions requiring frequent overhead movements (e.g., painters, electricians) are at higher risk.
- Age-Related Degeneration – Over time, the labrum can weaken and fray, making it more susceptible to tears, even with minor strain.
- Shoulder Dislocation – A SLAP tear may occur alongside ligament or cartilage injuries when the shoulder is dislocated.
What are the Signs and Symptoms?
The symptoms of a SLAP tear can vary depending on the severity of the injury but often include:
- Persistent shoulder pain, particularly during overhead movements.
- Clicking, catching, or a grinding sensation when moving the arm.
- Weakness and reduced shoulder function, making it difficult to lift objects or perform daily activities.
- Limited range of motion and discomfort when reaching forward or raising the arm sideways.
- A sensation of instability, as if the shoulder could shift out of place.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosing a SLAP tear requires a detailed clinical assessment. Dr Soong Chua, an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, will evaluate your shoulder through:
- Medical history and physical examination – Identifying symptoms, pain triggers, and movement limitations.
- Specialised shoulder tests – Assessing labral involvement through targeted movement tests.
- Imaging scans
Treatment for SLAP tears
The best treatment for a SLAP tear depends on the severity of the injury, symptoms, and individual activity levels. Non-surgical options are often the first line of treatment, but surgical intervention may be required for more severe cases.
Non-Surgical Management
For mild to moderate SLAP tears, conservative approaches can help relieve symptoms and improve shoulder function:
- Rest and activity modification to prevent further irritation.
- Pain management using anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., ibuprofen).
- Physiotherapy and strengthening exercises to restore stability and support the shoulder joint.
When is Surgery Needed?
If symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatments, arthroscopic surgery may be recommended. This minimally invasive procedure aims to repair the torn labrum and restore normal shoulder movement. Dr Soong Chua is highly experienced in performing SLAP tear repairs, helping patients regain strength and mobility with tailored treatment plans.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Who is at risk of developing a SLAP tear?
SLAP tears commonly affect athletes involved in overhead sports, individuals with physically demanding jobs, and older adults due to natural degeneration of the labrum.
2. Can a SLAP tear get worse over time?
Yes, an untreated SLAP tear may lead to increased pain, shoulder instability, and a higher risk of secondary injuries, such as rotator cuff damage or arthritis.
3. How can I prevent a SLAP tear?
Maintaining shoulder strength and flexibility, using proper technique in sports or work activities, and avoiding excessive repetitive movements can help reduce the risk of a SLAP tear.
For an expert assessment of your shoulder condition, book a consultation with Dr Soong Chua today.
